Skip to content 
A vertical multistage centrifugal pump operates based on the principles of centrifugal force and multiple impellers arranged in series. Here’s the working principle in a simplified way:
- Inlet: The pump takes in fluid through its inlet, usually at the bottom.
- Impellers: Inside the pump, there are multiple impellers stacked on a common shaft. Each impeller consists of curved vanes. These impellers are designed to increase the pressure of the fluid as it passes through them.
- Centrifugal Force: When the pump is powered, it drives the impellers to rotate. As the impellers spin, they create a centrifugal force. This force propels the fluid radially outward from the center of the impeller to its outer edge.
- Acceleration and Pressure Buildup: As the fluid is accelerated by the spinning impellers, it gains kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is then converted into pressure energy due to the design of the impellers. Each impeller adds to the pressure of the fluid.
- Series Connection: In a multistage pump, there are multiple impellers arranged in series on the same shaft. This means that the fluid, after passing through one impeller, is directed into the next one. Each subsequent impeller adds more pressure to the fluid. This series connection is what allows the pump to generate high pressures.
- Outlet: After passing through all the impellers, the now high-pressure fluid exits the pump through the outlet.
The key idea is that each impeller in the series increases the pressure of the fluid, allowing vertical multistage centrifugal pumps to achieve higher pressure outputs compared to single-stage centrifugal pumps. These pumps are commonly used in applications where a high discharge pressure is required, such as in water supply systems, industrial processes, and boiler feed systems.
